Pros and cons of Information technology

Pros and cons of Information technology Introduction: To get an answer to this question we need to formerly understand the pros and cons of information technology. The article published by Nicolas Carr â€Å"IT doesnt matter† does raise a couple of eyebrows, especially of those belonging to the IT sector. But I have had to really understand what his view point is in order to get an answer to this mind boggling question does IT matter? Despite my attempts to understand why according to him IT doesnt matter I can only jump to one conclusion i.e. computers, data storage facilities, data processing facilities, etc are easily available to all. Mr. Carrs point of view is that businesses across the globe are resorting to IT to give them a better edge over one another and thereby spend trillions of dollars over technology that is easily available to all. So there is hardly an â€Å"advantage† that companies have over one another. Mr. Carr does accept that today Information technology has become the backbone of commerce. At all times its tough to intricate a line between where the technology ends and use of it begins. During previous years industries didnt had a systematic approach in some of the technical and financial aspects. One must not forget that a new ray of light has arisen due to the presence of Information Technology in the field of commerce, science, telecommunication, security and different manufacturing processes. Industries could make those products which would meet the demands of international consumers. This would improve the trade relationship among different companies and countries. Nowadays all the work which were done manually have now become computerized. With a single click any customer can place an order for different number of varieties at any place at any given time. Nowadays companies are more dependent on IT fields for protection against vulnerabilities. There are intelligence tools like business intelligence reporting tools that help not only to store and retrieve data ( that account for huge memory spaces that would be nearly impossible to keep track of using the age old technique of accounting manually) but also analyze data and generate reports thereby reducing the load of understanding and analyzing data to make strategic decisions (www.smallbusinessbible.com).Many companies have merged with IT companies to form a secured data system which would not only protect their data system but also enhances their capability to meet the customer needs. Today businesses race not to come up with intellectual schemes to achieve success but to do so before any body else does. Time is of the essence and that is where IT enters. IT has become a day to day necessity in our life. It has brought a major impact in business and society. It has driven a rising economy to a developed economy. In todays day to day activities personal computers, mobile phones, emails, fax machines and internet has not only become our support system but has also become an integral part of our life (www.smallbussinessbible.com). IT is present everywhere but its important aspects should be harnessed evenly and properly so that it is used to its core. They are present everywhere and become an indispensable commodity of any industry. It plays a key factor in evaluating many of the new technologies assisting new infrastructural projects. IT has not only brought the world closer together, but has permitted the worlds economy to boom. It means that we can share information at high speeds and at high efficient rate, without any linguistic and geographic barriers. All the information can now be shared in a well organized and resourceful manne r interesting jobs. IT plays a very important role in foreign exchange. It acts as a customer relationship manager who tries to solve the problems. FOREX capital markets have arisen due to the presence of IT industry. As the company boasts from 1999 till date it has 15000 clients in over 80 countries and has an average trading volume that exceeds $15billion (OBrien and James, (1936)). Due to continuous efforts and development in the IT field, the companies could easily handle their customers and also the various salespeople who work hard for the company. It tries to manage various aspects of the company even though the company is located in different countries, having linguistic barrier. IT has increased the probability of developing new and innovative jobs. The world has progressed into a global village with the help of information technology which has allowed countries like India and Russia who are separated by time, distance, language and geographic boundaries to disclose ideas, facts and data with each other. Information Technology has helped to communicate at cheaper, faster, and more efficient rate. With the help of video conferencing work can now be completed at home without any wastage of time and money. Text messages have added extra wings to communication which facilitates quick responses. Video conferencing has added a midas touch to the world of communication which by opening up the face to face direct communication facility all round the world (www.smallbusinessbible.com). Information Technology has provided immense help to condense the cultural gap among people belonging to different to communicate with one another thus allowing exchange of thoughts and opinions which results increased awareness and reduced prejudice. Due to computerization, businesses have become lucrative money-spinning machines thus increasing the productivity which results into increase in profits (www.smallbusinessbible.com). This results in increased profitability, productivity, and overall development. This in turn results in pay, enhanced and much better working conditions. It is be because of Information Technology that business are now open 24 x7 all round the world. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with only a click of a button. Amazon and eBay have established themselves as hubs of commerce when it comes to consumer online shopping. They are development activity where openness breeds innovation and innovation generates sales. Its chief technology officer Al Vermeulen says that they think web services feeds directly into making that flywheel spin. It has not only served different purposes of different fields of business but has increased the capability of the companies to be more productive and profitable in terms of market values. They have changed the market rules (OBrien and James (1936)). The best advantage of information technology is the formulation and development of new and interesting jobs. Huge development has been brought in diagnosing disease and damage to the body with the help of body scanners which use software to process the information produced to assist us with maps of body. Experienced doctors train their junior doctors with the aid of new IT technologies. Computers help surgeons to operate effectively and swiftly. Siemens Healthcare provides with efficient and integrated solutions for support processes, from building automation and security to data centres and communication. They are the specialist in the state of the art imaging, laboratory diagnostics and IT solution for an earlier prevention and more specific diagnosis thus enhancing patient care. It ensures security and access control (www.med.usa.siemens). Moreover IT plays a very important role in overall development of an economy. IT can change an undulated economy into improved one. According to me IT is not the standard package which has answers to every question you ask. Right amount of planning and forecast is key to success for IT applications. IT has given world the best of its results but it again depends on how you apply to a problem. So in case of IT we have to be double cautions and this is very well explained by Hilton Hotels. Hilton hotel via Texas based Hilton reservation worldwide have developed fastest reservation system. Hilton hotels have more than 2400 hotels located in 65 countries and Hilton worldwide reservation (HRW) handles around 31 million call and generate more than 9 million reservation annually. And the amazing fact about this system is despite of this incredible volume the average reservation time in just two minutes. Information Technology has given this level of efficiency and customer service. How this amazing system works, well when there is a call to HRW through dialled number identification services it is identified that customer is call ing. Immediately call is then transferred to reservation specialist who uses Hilton hotel room availability information. The information regarding the availability of room is displayed on the specialists desktop as the call is transferred. Then if customer is demanding some other place the specialist can click online screen button to start a search. Within seconds specialist can scan through entire database of Hilton property. Further innovative application is automated reservation system. In this there is interactive voice response system. Once the agent is finished with the reservation then call is transferred to IVR. In interactive voice response system customer hear back and confirms his reservation. Due to this outstanding customer service system Hilton hotel are among the top guns in the market (OBrien and James,(1936)). Most civil engineers practice in specialized subsets of civil engineering, such as geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and land surveying (www.wikipedia.com). A number of new software tools are available relating to the different specialized disciplines. Some software houses have attempted to provide design software catering for the variety of infrastructure design fields in an integrated manner for example: Civil Designer which uses the AllyCAD CAD engine or VisionCivil which uses AutoCAD and MicroStation. Allycad is a CAD software application for 2D design and drafting. It is developed by Knowledge Base and is used internationally. It was originally developed by Paul Harper. Microstation is the technique used by many of the international companies to design structures of national and geographic importance. Infrastructure design relies heavily on estimates of load, pressure, drainage and flow. Different software packages rely on different formulae and theories as the basis for these calculations. Popular storm drainage simulation models include for example the Rational Method, ILLUDAS, SWMM and HYMO all of which have their own proponents and associated academic debates (www.wikipedia.com). Examples of how companies have used Information technology to develop competitive strategies. Strategy company Strategic use of IT Business Benefits. Cost Leadership Dell Computers Online Build to order lower cost producer Priceline. Com Online seller bidding buyer-set pricing eBay.com Online auction Auction -set prices. Innovation AVENT Marshall Customer/suppler Increase in market share Moen Inc. Online customer design Increase in market share Growth Citi Group Global Intranet. Increase in global market Toys ‘R Us Inc. POS inventory tracking Market leadership Alliance Cisco systems virtually manufacturing Agile market leadership Alliances While Information Technology has outshined the business process it has also created job cutting, downsizing and outsourcing. It has immensely affected the middle and lower level thus creating more unemployment. Wal-Mart introduced RFID technology, RFID means Radio Frequency Identification. It is a data carrying and automatic identification technology used throughout industry. Information about an item is stored in the RFID tag which is attached to that item. RFID tag is just like a data carrier, just as some as that of a bar code. Data carried by the barcode is scanner with the help of an optical or infrared wavelength. RFID reader emits radio waves which activates the tag. Wireless communication takes place with the tag known as air-interface. Importance feature of an RFID system is it does not require any tag or label to read its stored data. It enhances customer service, employer safety and enhances productivity of a company. It is very helpful in medical field too. Wrist tag ens ures complete accuracy to identify patience. But this technology has created a huge lot of unemployment. Many of the working lower class employees would have been affected in negative manner because of this technology. From mobile phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge. Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. It means that one has to keep himself/herself updated with the latest technology in order to keep his or her job secured (www.wiki.answers.com). But over usage of IT management becomes tedious tiresome. Even though information is readily available, confidential matters can be assessed unless they are properly password protected. IT leads to unemployment due to downsizing outsourcing. IT leads to tampering of many private issues which has to be kept away from light. Privacy issues are of major concern due to rise in growth of technology. Hacking of email, breach of security are major issues due to advancement in information technology. IT leads to lack of job security. Due to hardware failure economies can be affected negatively. It may result in failure of stock markets (www.associatedcontent.com). Internet often results in breaching of copyright. Nowadays viruses are spread via internet. Pornographic issues are of serious concern. It only affects a person physically but mentally too. It disturbs normal Most of the viruses get transferred via e-mails or when certain information is downloaded. These viruses damage many of the important documents which are of utmost importance. Collecting information from internet wastes a lot of time. Conclusion: In conclusion, I believe that Mr. Nicholas Carr to some extent does believe that the advantages I stated with regard to IT are noteworthy and something that are the most desired technologies. But what I seem to understand is that he is neither upset with the innovations in information technology nor with the fact that IT has helped make businesses go global but with the inability of these technologies to remain exclusive to companies that make use of them. Also I believe that today e-commerce has reached a point of no return. And as much as some companies believe that they need to stop spending extravagantly on software the fear of lagging behind or being out of the race to become the numero uno prevents them from doing so. It has become more like â€Å"if you cant beat `em join `em† Personally. I personal feel that there is lot of room for the development of IT in most of the developing country. In India still we have to struggle a lot with our daily chores. Forgive me for s ounding too dramatic when I say this, but the process for doing these chores meant standing and waiting in long queues in the hot sun for a minimum of 3 hours before I could reach the counter and there were one too many times when the counter would close for lunch the instant it would be my turn. But net banking has made this phase of my life disappear. Now my bills are paid, tickets are booked within minutes and I dont have to bother about what is happening at the back-end. As a student I could learn more about this institute and apply here which was also possible thanks to the internet. Gaming, entertainment, chatting, video conferencing with my family back home have helped me feel slightly less homesick. It could be that I cannot or probably do not want relate to Mr. Nicolas Carrs point of view for my own selfish reasons and so for me on a very personal level IT does matter†¦ Reference: OBrien and James (1936) Management Information systems -8th edition-Boston, London: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008. http://www.smallbusinessbible.org/advan_disadvan_informationtechnology.html [Accessed:16 November 2009] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/civil_engineering_software [Accessed:15 November 2009] Carr Nicolas G. (2003) ‘IT Doesnt Matter, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 81 Issue 5, May, Pages 41 49. Brown John Seely (2003) ‘Does IT Matter?, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 81 Issue7,July, Pages 109-112. http://www.nicholasgcarr.com/doesITmatter/reviews.shtml http://www.kosmix.com/topic/AllyCAD http://www.med.usa.siemens.com/oncolgyusa/ http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1211744/information_technology_in_the_world_pg6_pg6.html?cat=157

Construction contract Essay

An excellent submission, Welcome to this subject, a good start to this subject with this first assignment. My name is Cliff McSorley; I will be marking your assignments for this subject. Part 1 Good analysis and detailed response to both parts of this question. This is quite a problematic question, it would be something you would most likely do with the assistance of a solicitor, however you do need to be aware that changes to a contract is a difficult task and in my opinion always stick with the tried and tested standard contacts. Contracts provided by industry association have been tried and tested in the courts over many years and therefore should provide adequate protection for you the contractor. Part 2 – Home Warranty Insurance Below is clause 39.2 from AS 4000 Provide a written explanation identifying how you as the contractor can ensure that they do not default on the contract addressing each point from A to E. Provide no more than half a page on each point. 39.2Contractor’s default If the Contractor commits a substantial breach of the Contract, the Principal may, by hand or by certified post, give the Contractor a written notice to show cause. Substantial breaches include, but are not limited to: a)failing to: i)provide security Excellent response The contractor may be required to obtain a guarantee of the company’s liquidity to complete the project this is done by providing security to the principal Security could be in the form of a) cash; b) retention monies; c) bonds or inscribed stock or their equivalent issued by a national, state or territory government; d) interest bearing deposit in a bank e) an approved unconditional undertaking or an approved performance undertaking given by an approved financial institution or insurance company; or f) other form approved by the party having the benefit of security; The most common form of security would be through a bank guarantee failing to do this would be a breach of contract. ii)provide evidence of insurance; Again well answered A contractor must effect and maintain insurances as stipulated in the contract and present copies of these to the client on commencement of the work and provide the customer a copy of the policy and a certificate of currency at any time requested by the client. iii)comply with a direction of the Superintendent pursuant to subclause 29.3; Subclause 29.3 addresses any defective workmanship and materials provided by the subcontractor under this clause if the superintendent becomes aware of any defective workmanship the superintendent shall as soon as practicable give the contractor written details thereof. If the defective workmanship or materials are not rectified the superintendent may direct the contractor to either a) remove the material from the site b) demolish the work c) reconstruct, replace or correct the work and d) not deliver it to site If a) the contractor fails to comply with such a direction; and b) that failure has not been made good within 8 days after the contractor receives written notice from the superintendent that the principal intends to have the  subject work rectified by others at the cost of the contractor The superintendent may also direct the contractor that the principal is willing to accept the subject work, whereupon there shall be a deemed variation. iv) use the materials or standards of work required by the Contract; Again well answered. b) wrongful suspension of work; Again well answered. c) substantial departure from a construction program without reasonable cause or the Superintendent’s approval; Again well answered. d) where there is no construction program, failing to proceed with due expedition and without delay; and  Well answered, the contract would have a date for practical completion, therefore this is a timeframe that the has to meet, so even if there is an absence of a construction program the contractor still needs to progress the job in a reasonable time line. This time line would judge as what a reasonable time frame for carrying out a job would be. This would be judged on a job by job basis and things like the detail, materials, ease of access and size of the work would all need to be taken into account. The contractor was seen to be progressing the job at a reasonable rate in respect to his resources (eg. size of the company) throughout the construction process, failure to do so would be consider to be a substantial breach of contract. e) in respect of clause **, knowingly providing documentary evidence containing an untrue statement. Well answered. Part 3 1) Recommend two (2) different types of contracts for the following types of projects 2) Two well selected contracts, for each project. 3) Using your recommendations above propose what contract would you use and give reasons why for the following projects also identify statutory and legislative requirements of using these contracts. Excellent choice and discussion again with very good explanations on why you have chosen each contract and details of statutory and legislative requirements included to further justify your decisions 4) Describe the process of creating a contractual situation from the point of submitting a Tender to signing a contract and identify each step using construction terminology. For each step also identify using the legal terminology. Well stepped through with good details on legal terminology. An alternate description of the tender process:- Broadly the Tender process after submission of the tender by the contractor, involves the following: Meeting with the principal to clarify aspects of a tender. The Tenderer making a presentation to help promote a tender. Note that the submission of the tender can be construed as a contractual offer which is capable of acceptance by the principal as part of creating binding legal relations. Sometimes the Principal will provide a Letter of Intent to a tenderer telling the tenderer that they are the preferred tenderer and that a contract will be awarded. Whether this Letter of Intent is legally binding depends on the wording of the Letter – in some instances it could be construed as an early works contract. Generally where a Tender process is involved, there is no negotiation with respect to the terms of the proposed contract. Once a tender is accepted by the Principal, a Letter of Acceptance is sent to the tenderer – or a written contract is signed by the Principal and tenderer (Contractor) which forms the basis of the legal relationship between the principal and the tenderer. The contract generally incorporates plans and specif ications. An offer and acceptable of the offer are necessary ingredients in creating a legally binding contract. There must also be consideration, which is generally the tender price, and an intention to create legal relations. Generally the latter can be inferred from the tender process. The above feedback is not provided to contradict your interpretations but to provide response based on my understanding of contracts relating to this  assignment. I hope the comments are useful. I found that you have well analysed the question throughout this assignment and provide well constructed responses to the questions. Please note:- With future assignments you could include a cover page, a contents page and number pages. I also think that it is a good idea to include a footer on each page which includes your name, page number and the date etc.as appropriate (please refer to the link on the OLS under â€Å"Course Information† – â€Å"Overview† – â€Å"Assessment Presentation Guidelines†).

High School and College Life

There are many students who attended college an it changed them both physically and mentally. I am one of those students. Since I began college it started to change me into a better person on many occasions. I have learned to become more responsible, and get the work done. In addition I have to change my attitude or else I will fail my courses; for example my classmate start skipping classes and misbehaves with the professor, which lead him to fail the course.Moving from high school to college is a huge step in everyone’s life. If you don't change your lifestyle for the better reason then you might not reach your goal in college. Once you reach college it’s the time that you start being an adult. The college life has changed me for the better. I am much more responsible in many different ways. I had to change my study habits, or, should I say, I had to get engaged in study habits. In high school I never studied because everything came so easy to me and I could just do t he work, even end up with passing grades.When I reached college I tried to do the same thing and it didn't work. I had to start studying on a daily basis and it was hard for a student like me to change from not doing any work to studying every night and also on the weekends. I wasn't used to doing it at the beginning, but I had to make it a habit or I was not going to reach my goal. Since I began attending college it made me more responsible to make the right decisions. In college you have to make decisions that are very hard.Pressure comes in hard when you get to college; for example you could have a test that you need to study for and there is a party that you want to go to. If you do go to the party then you will fail the test because you did not have any time to study. This is just one example, and there are many more. Another reason that college is a big step is because you are on your own, and you don't have anybody to tell you what to do. Before, in middle and high, school pa rents wake you up to go to school, but when you are in ollege you get up early in the morning to go to class by yourself. College is a life-changing experience for me. I never felt stress in my entire life as I feel as now in college . College is a big source of stress for a variety of reasons, and poor planning often leads to crisis situations. The stress of everyday life in college shows itself in different ways: the expectations of making an A in every course, the fear of doing poorly on tests, and getting worried or nervous over the work.However, it made me realize that you have to go through stress in order to reach you goal because stress is a way of living. College is the most important decision I ever made in my life. It made me realize that without education you won’t be successful. Since I began attending college, it showed me that how life is fast and short you have to be something or else you will feel miserable. The courses in the college are quite stressful for every student, but this is to make us focus and have motive in our work. Attending college also showed me that reality is not like a fairy tale.

Examining Effective Communication - 1192 Words

Examining Effective Communication Communication is a frequent occurrence, yet it is not a simple ordeal. Communication has layers and density. The two primary forms of interpersonal communication are verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication includes the content of speech, as well as factors such as tone of voice, rhythm of speaking, word choice, and emphasis. Experts and researchers in the field of communication assert that nonverbal communication composes more than half of the communication among people. Nonverbal communication has a variety of factors such as eye contact, gestures, body language, and even the dress of the person speaking/communicating. There are principles that people (communicators) can use in order to effectively communicate on a regular basis. Communicators must understand that communication is unavoidable. The most basic and minimal forms of contact are still forms of communication; therefore, communicators should keep this in mind when communicating via any platform, especially in the 21st century, which is a highly mediated and communication heavy moment in human history. Communicators should also abide by the principle that communication is fixed and irreversible to a certain extent. Interpersonal communication, especially interpersonal communication that happens in person, cannot be taken back. Once words are spoken in whatever way they are delivered, they exist, they are out there, and they cannot be takenShow MoreRelatedFormal Communication Within A Company Fosters Teamwork, Collaboration, And Success710 Words   |  3 Pageswork environment is essential to the success of the team. 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